Lemon, Lime, and Grapefruit have a lot of acid.

These flavors are found in young and dry white wines like Chablis, Dry Riesling, Vermentino, Verdejo, Albariño, and Txakoli.

Italian Pinot Grigio can be as refreshing as a cold glass of lemonade on a hot summer day.

Oranges and Madarins have less acid.

Orange flavors can be found in Rieslings or Chardonnays from warmer climates.

Mandarin flavors are often found in sweet or off-dry wines like Gewürztraminer.

Green Fruit Flavors

Apple flavors are almost always found in Cardonnays, from fresh to dull, from green to red, from tart to ripe.

Green, yellow, and red apple flavors are often used to describe how ripe a Riesling is. In cool climates (Mosel in Germany) Riesling tend to display Citrus and green Apple flavors, while in warmer climates (Alsace in France), the Apple notes tends to move towards more ripe Apples.

Green Apple flavors are typically found in Pinot Grigio, Pinot Blanc, Grüner Veltliner. Ripe Apple flavors are typically found in Chenin Blanc.

Green Pear flavors are typically found in dry white wines like Albariño (Spain), Alvarinho (Portugal), Assyrtiko (Greece), Arneis (Italy) and Pinot Grigio (Italy).

Yellow Pear flavors, are typically found in fruity white wines like Chenin Blanc, Marsanne (France), and Pinot Gris (France).

Stone Fruit Flavors

Tropical Fruit Flavors

Apricot is normally assosiated with sweet wines like Tokaji.

Melon flavors are often found in full-bodied Chardonnays from warmer climates, and in Pinot Gris from Alsace. Melon flavors can also be found in some Rosé wines, and in fruity sparkling wines like Italian Prosecco.

Mango, Pineapple, and Passionfruit have flavor profiles that are sweeter than Citrus but fresher than Peach and Melon.

Pinapple notes are often found in Rieslings from warmer climates, and in late harvest Rieslings like off-dry Riesling Spätlese from Germany.

Passion Fruit notes are often found in Gewürztraminer from Alsace and in warmer climates Sauvignon Blancs and Chenin Blancs.

Lyche is the trademark of a good Gewürztraminer from Alsace.

Fresh fig flavor can be found in Chardonnay.

Creamy style White Bordeaux can have both fig and ginger flavors if oily Semillion grape is dominant.

Ginger is known as a sweet spice and you find it in fuller aromatic wines such Viognier, Assyrtiko, Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris from Alsace.

Honey aromas can be found in ripe Chenin Blanc and in ripe Riesling (Auslese, Spätlese), and in many dessert wines like Tokaji.

Herbal Flavors

Bell Pepper aromas come from a compound called "pyrazines", and is found in Bordeaux-family grapes like Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Carménère, and Malbec.

Goosberry notes are also typically found in Sauvignon Blanc. This flavor are sometimes called cat's pee!

Kiwi notes can be found in dry white wines with high acidity, like Dry Chenin Blank and Italian Pinot Grigio.

Kitchen garden and herbs aromas are the trademarks of Sauvignon Blanc.

Grass flavors are typical for cold climate Sauvignon Blanc and Chenin Blanc (France).

Black Currant Leaves is typical for all Sauvignon Blanc.

Asparagus aromas are typical for warm climate Sauvignon Blanc (New Zealand).

Floral Flavors - White Wine

White flowers aromas are typical for cold climate whites like Pinot Blanc, Silvaner, French Savoie / Jacquère, and Piedmont whites (Arneis and Gavi).

Jasmin floral notes are found in Albariño, Pinot Gris and Riesling, and even in some Viognier, Chenin Blanc and Assyrtiko.

Iris aromas can be found in zesty white wines like Sauvignon Blanc and Albariño.

Rose aromas are typical for Gewürztraminer, and for warm climate whites like Moschofilero (Greece).

Floral Flavors - Red Wine

Lavender aromas can be found in Sangiovese based wines, warm climate Pinot Noir, Barbera, Tempranillo, Mourvèdre, Petit Verdot, Syrah / Shiraz and Grenache.

Violet aromas can be found in Nebbiolo based wines like Barolo and Barbaresco.

Rose flavors can be found in some Nebbiolo based wines, Pinot Noir, Gamay, Grenache and Sangiovese.

Mint flavors can be found in worm climate Cabernet Sauvignon.

Red Wine Flavors

It is common to split the flavors of a red wine in two categories: Red Fruit and Dark Fruit.

If you can tell the difference, it will help you identify the wine in a blind taste.

Every time you taste a wine, close your eyes and think if you can taste any berries.

Red Fruit Flavors

Wines with Red Fruit flavors are usually lighter and medium-bodied.

Red Fruit flavors are associated with grapes like Gamay, Grenache, and Pinot Noir.

Strawberry and Raspberry flavors are found in fruity red wines with medium to high acidity: French Pinot Noir and Gamay. Italian Barbera, Nebbiolo, and Sangiovese based wines (Chianti). American Zinfandel, and Spanish Tempranillo.

Red Currant and Cranberry flavors can be found in cold climate Pinot Noirs from France, Germany, and Austria, and in young and fruity wines based on Gamay (Beaujolais), Barbera and Grenache.

Cherry Flavors

The flavors of Cherries span from red to black, and from fresh to sweet.

Red Cherries are found in young Pinot Noir.

Black Cherries are found in mature Pinot Noir.

Red Cherry flavors are found in: French Beaujolais, North Italian Barbera, Bardolino and Valpolicella, Italian Sangiovese wines, Chianti and Brunello, Italian Nebbiolo wines, Barolo and Barbaresco.

Black Cherry notes are found in Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc.

Black Fruit Flavors

Wines with black fruit flavors are usually in the full-body category. Black fruit is associated with Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec and Syrah.

Black Currant notes are typically found in Cabernet Sauvignon.

Blackberry flavors are typically found in Italian Dolcetto, Italian Nero d'Avola, Portuguese Touriga National, and in warmer climate Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah/Shiraz.

Blueberry flavors are typically found in French Mourvedre, American Petite Sirah, and French Syrah.

Black Olive aromas are identified by ripeness and can be found in Syrah/Shiraz and California Cabernet Sauvignon.

The flavors of Plums can span from red to black, from freshness to sweetness to Prunes.

Red Plum flavors are found in easy-drinking red wines like Barbera, Pinot Noir, and Merlot.

Black Plum flavors are found in full bodied red wines like Cabernet Sauvingnon, Red Bordeaux (France), Sangiovese (Italy), Super Tuscan (Italy), and Touriga Nacional (Portugal).

Dried / Cooked Fruit Flavors

Notes of Prunes can be found in many red wines with concentrated fruit flavours, like Italian Sangiovese and Barbera wines, rich Malbec wines, Petite Sirah wines, rich Syrah wines, and rich Grenache wines from warmer climates.

Warm climate Pinot Noir can have hints of strawberry jam. Full-bodied Syrah/Shiraz can have notes of blackberry jam, while Sangiovese and Barbera wines from Italy may have notes of both raspberry and plum jam.

The New World has jammy wines such as Zinfandel, Merlot, Cabernet Franc and Grenache.

Fig flavors can be found in Appassimento wines like Ripasso, Amarone, and Primitivo Passitivo.

Raisin flavors are typical for wines made from dried grapes, like Amarone from Italy, and passito wines like Primitivo Passitivo. You may also find some raisins notes in Syrah/Shiraz wines.

Spice Flavors

The taste of Spices is assosiated with Côtes du Rhône South (GSM wines).

Syrah have notable Black Pepper notes. Pepper notes are also often found in Pinot Noir, Gamay, and Petite Syrah.

Terroir Flavors

Minerals are often used to describe white wines. Mineral notes are connected to acidity, and can be described as slate, gravel, wet stone, or flint.

The term chalky can also be used for flint and slate notes in high acidic wines from cool climates like Chablis and Sauvignon Blanc from Loire.

Steel can be used to describe a metallic taste in high acidity cool climate wines like dry Riesling and Chablis.